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Her company, seven months old and 30 people strong, scored a perfect 120\/120 on the 2024 Putnam exam, beating the best human and every other AI system at the time. We dig into the Lean theorem prover, why verified generation gives better training signal than informal RL, the hard specification problem, and why Carina believes an informal system alone can never reach math AGI.\n\n00:00 \u2014 [INTRO \u2014 spliced from final take at 01:47:28]\n00:52 \u2014 The $200M Series A and the Math Startup Thesis\n04:52 \u2014 Verified AI: Scaling Brilliance, Not Fixing Lousiness\n13:42 \u2014 Axiom's System: Lean Data, RL, and the Putnam Perfect Score\n22:12 \u2014 Mathematical Discovery \u2014 Before the Conjecture\n25:12 \u2014 Rice's Theorem, Incompleteness, and Practical Limits\n30:42 \u2014 Code With Proof \u2014 The Verina Benchmark\n37:57 \u2014 Proof Trees, Context Windows, and Scaling Limits\n43:57 \u2014 Markets, Moat, and the Business Case ($1.6B valuation)\n55:27 \u2014 Personal Origin Story: Oxford, UCL Gatsby, Stanford Law\n01:00:57 \u2014 The Erdos Controversy and the Difficulty of Search\n01:06:02 \u2014 AlphaZero for Math, Self-Improvement\n01:08:47 \u2014 Startup Advantage and the OpenAI GPTF Thread\n01:13:17 \u2014 Axle API \u2014 Open Infrastructure for Lean at Scale\n01:20:47 \u2014 Collaboration, Polymath, and Human Attention as the Bottleneck\n01:22:21 \u2014 Founding Story \u2014 Obsession, Law School, and Julie Zhuo\n01:26:17 \u2014 The Bigger Vision \u2014 AGI, Science, and Transfer Learning\n01:35:02 \u2014 Bottlenecks, Fragmentation, and the Field's Future","thumbnailUrl":["https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/abYcV5LHMG4\/default.jpg","https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/abYcV5LHMG4\/mqdefault.jpg","https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/abYcV5LHMG4\/hqdefault.jpg","https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/abYcV5LHMG4\/sddefault.jpg","https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/abYcV5LHMG4\/maxresdefault.jpg"],"uploadDate":"2026-06-03T19:11:22+00:00","duration":"PT1H33M4S","embedUrl":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/abYcV5LHMG4","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCxBcwypKK-W3GHd_RZ9FZrQ#Organization","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCxBcwypKK-W3GHd_RZ9FZrQ","name":"Latent Space","description":"The podcast & newsletter where 170,000+ AI Engineers gather to talk models, tools and ideas. 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